"...supercapacitors have a longer lifetime than secondary batteries, but
their lifetime is not infinite. The basic end-of-life failure mode for a
supercapacitor is an increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR) and/or
a decrease in capacitance. The actual end-of-life criteria are dependent
on the application requirements. Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures,
high applied voltage and excessive current will lead to increased ESR and
decreased capacitance. Reducing these parameters will lengthen the lifetime
of a supercapacitor. In general, cylindrical supercapacitors have a similar
construction to electrolytic capacitors, having a liquid electrolyte inside
an aluminum can sealed with a rubber bung. Over many years, the supercapacitor
will dry out, similar to an electrolytic capacitor, causing high ESR and
eventually
end-of-life."^
See also:
-
http://www1.cooperbussmann.com/pdf/35f489ea-89f2-4089-bbe3-9432cd21f9be.pdf
Excellent real world overview of Super Cap Applications.
-
http://ka7oei.blogspot.co.nz/2013/05/lithium-iron-phosphate-lifepo4.html
Cell imbalance issues in a multicell battery and a circuit to prevent it.
This is for batteries, but may apply to multi-cell supercap power storage
as well.+
-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KL1N_ThFkBc
"Slurp" charge phones: Charge super caps for 5 minutes, charge cell phone
from that for 18 minutes.
-
Maxwell have a 2V85 3k4F high capacity ultracapacitor. It uses Maxwells Advanced
Shock and Vibration technology.
http://www.maxwell.com/products/ultracapacitors/products/k285-series
Data sheet
http://www.maxwell.com/products/ultracapacitors/products/engine-start-module/
Truck "battery" - 12 x 3000F !!!
http://www.maxwell.com/products/ultracapacitors/docs/1014627_boostcap_product_guide.pdf
Product guide - 50+ pages
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ce2au3PWnI
Step by Step process for making super capacitors. Requires active material:
Graphene 4m/ml or Activated Carbon seperated by something like paper towel
from a metal foil and an electrolyte solution. Aluminum with Sodium
Hydroxide, Nickle with Potassium Hydroxide. Foil, coat with Graphene Oxide,
dry, scrape off excess. Other bit of foil, dip coated in carbon solution,
dry, scrape off excess. Seperator between soaked with
electrolyte.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFUOsZ0LSkQ
Cheap and easy process to make Graphene. Just put a negative stainless steel
electrode wrapped in paper towel and positive graphite electrode into 0.4
molar Sodium Sulphate solution. Apply 2 volts for a couple minutes, then
10 volts for 30 minutes. Sulphate ions are consumed and process then stops.
Filter with distilled water to remove excess. Grind, homogenize, or vibrate
in sonic cleaner to mechanically break down the result.
file: /Techref/supercaps.htm, 4KB, , updated: 2017/1/6 18:25, local time: 2024/12/25 11:21,
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