Character Set Encoding

Unicode

Unicode as defined by the Unicode organization has become a universal standard: ISO/IEC 10646, describing the 'Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set' (UCS). See: http://www.unicode.org

Unicode encodings / subsets / character sets:

In mime encoded content, after the "Content-type:" header you will often see a "charset="

charset=UTF-8. This includes all the unicode characters but it encodes them in an efficient way which makes it possible to transfer a Unicode character to another computer reliably. UTF-8 stands for UCS Transformation Format 8. See:

ASCII is the first 127 Unicode Characters

ISO Latin-1 is the first 256 Unicode Characters

The following table contains the complete ISO Latin-1 character set, corresponding to the first 256 entries of the Unicode character repertoire in Microsoft® Internet Explorer 4.0 and later. The table provides each character, its decimal code, its named entity reference for HTML, and also a brief description. See also:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/charsets/charsets.asp

Character	Decimal code	Named entity	Description
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Horizontal tab
---		---	Line feed
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Carriage Return
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
---		---	Unused
		---	Space
!	!	---	Exclamation mark
"	"	"	Quotation mark
#	#	---	Number sign
$	$	---	Dollar sign
%	%	---	Percent sign
&	&	&	Ampersand
'	'	---	Apostrophe
(	(	---	Left parenthesis
)	)	---	Right parenthesis
*	*	---	Asterisk
+	+	---	Plus sign
,	,	---	Comma
-	-	---	Hyphen
.	.	---	Period (fullstop)
/	/	---	Solidus (slash)
0	0	---	Digit 0
1	1	---	Digit 1
2	2	---	Digit 2
3	3	---	Digit 3
4	4	---	Digit 4
5	5	---	Digit 5
6	6	---	Digit 6
7	7	---	Digit 7
8	8	---	Digit 8
9	9	---	Digit 9
:	:	---	Colon
;	;	---	Semicolon
<	<	<	Less than
=	=	---	Equals sign
>	>	>	Greater than
?	?	---	Question mark
@	@	---	Commercial at
A	A	---	Capital A
B	B	---	Capital B
C	C	---	Capital C
D	D	---	Capital D
E	E	---	Capital E
F	F	---	Capital F
G	G	---	Capital G
H	H	---	Capital H
I	I	---	Capital I
J	J	---	Capital J
K	K	---	Capital K
L	L	---	Capital L
M	M	---	Capital M
N	N	---	Capital N
O	O	---	Capital O
P	P	---	Capital P
Q	Q	---	Capital Q
R	R	---	Capital R
S	S	---	Capital S
T	T	---	Capital T
U	U	---	Capital U
V	V	---	Capital V
W	W	---	Capital W
X	X	---	Capital X
Y	Y	---	Capital Y
Z	Z	---	Capital Z
[	[	---	Left square bracket
\	\	---	Reverse solidus (backslash)
]	]	---	Right square bracket
^	^	---	Caret
_	_	---	Horizontal bar (underscore)
`	`	---	Acute accent
a	a	---	Small a
b	b	---	Small b
c	c	---	Small c
d	d	---	Small d
e	e	---	Small e
f	f	---	Small f
g	g	---	Small g
h	h	---	Small h
i	i	---	Small i
j	j	---	Small j
k	k	---	Small k
l	l	---	Small l
m	m	---	Small m
n	n	---	Small n
o	o	---	Small o
p	p	---	Small p
q	q	---	Small q
r	r	---	Small r
s	s	---	Small s
t	t	---	Small t
u	u	---	Small u
v	v	---	Small v
w	w	---	Small w
x	x	---	Small x
y	y	---	Small y
z	z	---	Small z
{	{	---	Left curly brace
\|	\|	---	Vertical bar
}	}	---	Right curly brace
~	~	---	Tilde
---		---	Unused
			Nonbreaking space also use <nobr>...</nobr> around text.
¡	¡	¡	Inverted exclamation
¢	¢	¢	Cent sign
£	£	£	Pound sterling
¤	¤	¤	General currency sign
¥	¥	¥	Yen sign
¦	¦	¦ or &brkbar;	Broken vertical bar
§	§	§	Section sign
¨	¨	¨ or &die;	Diæresis / Umlaut
©	©	©	Copyright
ª	ª	ª	Feminine ordinal
«	«	«	Left angle quote, guillemet left
¬	¬	&not	Not sign
			Soft hyphen
®	®	®	Registered trademark
¯	¯	¯ or &hibar;	Macron accent
°	°	°	Degree sign
±	±	±	Plus or minus
²	²	²	Superscript two
³	³	³	Superscript three
´	´	´	Acute accent
µ	µ	µ	Micro sign
¶	¶	¶	Paragraph sign
·	·	·	Middle dot
¸	¸	¸	Cedilla
¹	¹	¹	Superscript one
º	º	º	Masculine ordinal
»	»	»	Right angle quote, guillemet right
¼	¼	¼	Fraction one-fourth
½	½	½	Fraction one-half
¾	¾	¾	Fraction three-fourths
¿	¿	¿	Inverted question mark
À	À	À	Capital A, grave accent
Á	Á	Á	Capital A, acute accent
Â	Â	Â	Capital A, circumflex
Ã	Ã	Ã	Capital A, tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	Capital A, diæresis / umlaut
Å	Å	Å	Capital A, ring
Æ	Æ	Æ	Capital AE ligature
Ç	Ç	Ç	Capital C, cedilla
È	È	È	Capital E, grave accent
É	É	É	Capital E, acute accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	Capital E, circumflex
Ë	Ë	Ë	Capital E, diæresis / umlaut
Ì	Ì	Ì	Capital I, grave accent
Í	Í	Í	Capital I, acute accent
Î	Î	Î	Capital I, circumflex
Ï	Ï	Ï	Capital I, diæresis / umlaut
Ð	Ð	Ð	Capital Eth, Icelandic
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Capital N, tilde
Ò	Ò	Ò	Capital O, grave accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	Capital O, acute accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	Capital O, circumflex
Õ	Õ	Õ	Capital O, tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	Capital O, diæresis / umlaut
×	×	×	Multiply sign
Ø	Ø	Ø	Capital O, slash
Ù	Ù	Ù	Capital U, grave accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	Capital U, acute accent
Û	Û	Û	Capital U, circumflex
Ü	Ü	Ü	Capital U, diæresis / umlaut
Ý	Ý	Ý	Capital Y, acute accent
Þ	Þ	Þ	Capital Thorn, Icelandic
ß	ß	ß	Small sharp s, German sz
à	à	à	Small a, grave accent
á	á	á	Small a, acute accent
â	â	â	Small a, circumflex
ã	ã	ã	Small a, tilde
ä	ä	ä	Small a, diæresis / umlaut
å	å	å	Small a, ring
æ	æ	æ	Small ae ligature
ç	ç	ç	Small c, cedilla
è	è	è	Small e, grave accent
é	é	é	Small e, acute accent
ê	ê	ê	Small e, circumflex
ë	ë	ë	Small e, diæresis / umlaut
ì	ì	ì	Small i, grave accent
í	í	í	Small i, acute accent
î	î	î	Small i, circumflex
ï	ï	ï	Small i, diæresis / umlaut
ð	ð	ð	Small eth, Icelandic
ñ	ñ	ñ	Small n, tilde
ò	ò	ò	Small o, grave accent
ó	ó	ó	Small o, acute accent
ô	ô	ô	Small o, circumflex
õ	õ	õ	Small o, tilde
ö	ö	ö	Small o, diæresis / umlaut
÷	÷	÷	Division sign
ø	ø	ø	Small o, slash
ù	ù	ù	Small u, grave accent
ú	ú	ú	Small u, acute accent
û	û	û	Small u, circumflex
ü	ü	ü	Small u, diæresis / umlaut
ý	ý	ý	Small y, acute accent
þ	þ	þ	Small thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Small y, diæresis / umlaut

Character

Decimal code

Named entity

Description

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Horizontal tab

---

Line feed

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Carriage Return

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Unused

---

Space

---

Exclamation mark

Quotation mark

---

Number sign

---

Dollar sign

---

Percent sign

Ampersand

---

Apostrophe

(

---

Left parenthesis

)

---

Right parenthesis

---

Asterisk

---

Plus sign

---

Comma

---

Hyphen

---

Period (fullstop)

---

Solidus (slash)

---

Digit 0

---

Digit 1

---

Digit 2

---

Digit 3

---

Digit 4

---

Digit 5

---

Digit 6

---

Digit 7

---

Digit 8

---

Digit 9

---

Colon

;

---

Semicolon

Less than

---

Equals sign

Greater than

---

Question mark

---

Commercial at

---

Capital A

---

Capital B

---

Capital C

---

Capital D

---

Capital E

---

Capital F

---

Capital G

---

Capital H

---

Capital I

---

Capital J

---

Capital K

---

Capital L

---

Capital M

---

Capital N

---

Capital O

---

Capital P

---

Capital Q

---

Capital R

---

Capital S

---

Capital T

---

Capital U

---

Capital V

---

Capital W

---

Capital X

---

Capital Y

---

Capital Z

[

---

Left square bracket

---

Reverse solidus (backslash)

]

---

Right square bracket

---

Caret

---

Horizontal bar (underscore)

---

Acute accent

---

Small a

---

Small b

---

Small c

---

Small d

---

Small e

---

Small f

---

Small g

---

Small h

---

Small i

---

Small j

---

Small k

---

Small l

---

Small m

---

Small n

---

Small o

---

Small p

---

Small q

---

Small r

---

Small s

---

Small t

---

Small u

---

Small v

---

Small w

---

Small x

---

Small y

---

Small z

{

---

Left curly brace

---

Vertical bar

}

---

Right curly brace

---

Tilde

---

Unused

Nonbreaking space also use <nobr>...</nobr> around text.

Inverted exclamation

Cent sign

Pound sterling

General currency sign

Yen sign

¦ or &brkbar;

Broken vertical bar

Section sign

¨ or &die;

Diæresis / Umlaut

Feminine ordinal

Left angle quote, guillemet left

&not

Not sign

Soft hyphen

Registered trademark

¯ or &hibar;

Macron accent

Degree sign

Plus or minus

Superscript two

Superscript three

Acute accent

Micro sign

Paragraph sign

Middle dot

Cedilla

Superscript one

Masculine ordinal

Right angle quote, guillemet right

Fraction one-fourth

Fraction one-half

Fraction three-fourths

Inverted question mark

Capital A, grave accent

Capital A, acute accent

Capital A, circumflex

Capital A, tilde

Capital A, diæresis / umlaut

Capital A, ring

Capital AE ligature

Capital C, cedilla

Capital E, grave accent

Capital E, acute accent

Capital E, circumflex

Capital E, diæresis / umlaut

Capital I, grave accent

Capital I, acute accent

Capital I, circumflex

Capital I, diæresis / umlaut

Capital Eth, Icelandic

Capital N, tilde

Capital O, grave accent

Capital O, acute accent

Capital O, circumflex

Capital O, tilde

Capital O, diæresis / umlaut

Multiply sign

Capital O, slash

Capital U, grave accent

Capital U, acute accent

Capital U, circumflex

Capital U, diæresis / umlaut

Capital Y, acute accent

Capital Thorn, Icelandic

Small sharp s, German sz

Small a, grave accent

Small a, acute accent

Small a, circumflex

Small a, tilde

Small a, diæresis / umlaut

Small a, ring

Small ae ligature

Small c, cedilla

Small e, grave accent

Small e, acute accent

Small e, circumflex

Small e, diæresis / umlaut

Small i, grave accent

Small i, acute accent

Small i, circumflex

Small i, diæresis / umlaut

Small eth, Icelandic

Small n, tilde

Small o, grave accent

Small o, acute accent

Small o, circumflex

Small o, tilde

Small o, diæresis / umlaut

Division sign

Small o, slash

Small u, grave accent

Small u, acute accent

Small u, circumflex

Small u, diæresis / umlaut

Small y, acute accent

Small thorn, Icelandic

Small y, diæresis / umlaut

Questions:

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<A HREF="http://linistepper.com/techref/language/html/charset.htm"> Character Set Encoding</A>

Character Sets

Unicode

Unicode encodings / subsets / character sets: