Linux Audio

Linux has two major audio systems: ALSA^ and JACK. Although there is a lot of overlap, ALSA is kind of the lower level system, providing extensive drivers and controls for hardware, and JACK provides a higher level ability to route sound from sources to destinations. Eg. from a mic to a speaker.

To configure JACK, the utility qjackctl is very nice. Be aware, you may need to fully quit and re-launch it to see any changes in setup. The Connections panel allows you to make (and break) connections quickly and temporarily. For more perminant connections use the Patchbay.

Ubuntu 18, PulseAudio mixing of input mics

First, install the Pulse Audio control  GUI (which isn't installed by default, PulseAudio is but not the GUI for it)

sudo apt install pavucontrol

Next create a fake channel, a "null sink", where the inputs can be collected as a "Recording" source.

pactl load-module module-null-sink sink_name=inputs

Now, for as many inputs (mics) as you like, add loopback modules, setting them all to sink to your null sink:

pactl load-module module-loopback sink=inputs latency_msec=1

Just repeat that line as many times as you have mics. If you get "stuttering" try increasing the latency setting.

Now, in PulseAudio volume control open the "Recording" tab, select "Virtual Streams" (or "All Streams") from the bottom selector and then make sure you connect a different input to each different loopback. You can chose the outputs for your loopbacks under the "Playback" tab by selecting "All Streams"

While this did work, I found the latency was pretty bad until I added the latency_msec=1 flag.

It is also possible to directly specify the source so you don't need to do that in the GUI. To get a list of possible sources, use the command:
pacmd list-sources | egrep '(^\s+name: .*)|(^\s+device.description = .*)'
and then copy out the device you want using the string after name: <. It will start with alsa_input and end before the >. Add this as the source= tag in the module-loopback command. For example:

pactl load-module module-loopback source=alsa_input.usb-Samson_Technologies_Samson_C01U-00.iec958-stereo sink=micmix latency_msec=1

See also:

• https://askubuntu.com/a/1412872/407288 Playing sounds inside a system service. In this case, to monitor the AC power cord and scream if it is unplugged.+
• https://askubuntu.com/questions/868817/collecting-and-mixing-sound-input-from-different-microphones

Devices

Roland Edirol UA-4FX in Linux:

To setup the UA-4FX under ALSA:
https://alsa.opensrc.org/Edirol_UA-4FX The major problem is that the UA-4FX doesn't support computer control of volumn. But ALSA supports a software volumn control:

pcm.!default {
   type             plug
   slave.pcm       "softvol"
}
pcm.softvol {
   type            softvol
   slave {
       pcm         "plughw:UA4FX"
   }
   control {
       name        "SoftMaster"
       card        1
   }
}

note that the web page is wrong, the pcm line in the softvol section should NOT be "pasymed".

Recording from a mono mic leaves one stereo channel with noise on it, so you can put the mono audio on each stereo channel with:

pcm.record_left {
   type        dsnoop
   ipc_key 234884
   slave {
       pcm     "plughw:UA4FX"
       channels 2
   }
   bindings.0  0
}
pcm.record_right {
   type        dsnoop
   ipc_key 2241234
   slave {
       pcm     "plughw:UA4FX"
       channels 2
   }    
   bindings.0  1
} 

To start the JACK server with the UA4FX:
jackd --realtime -d alsa -C hw:UA4FX -P hw:UA4FX &

See also:

• https://www.giadamusic.com/ Live looping, and more.+
• https://alsa.opensrc.org/ Amazing hardware support.
• http://sandsoftwaresound.net/rpi-soft-synth-get-started/

Samson C01U Mic

As per:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE8oIRIZdgg
You can use alsamixer to correctly set the mic volume levels which seems to resolve a lot of weird audio problems with the mic.

• Open a terminal window
• enter alsamixer
• Press F5 and then F6, select the Samson C01U using the up / down arrows and the press Enter
• Use the up / down arrows to change the volume control until the "Mic [dB gain:" setting says 16.00.
• Press Esc to exit